CZ Shared by Cari Zall

1619 Project - the Essays

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A America Wasn’t a Democracy, Until Black Americans Made It One - The New York Times

Our founding ideals of liberty and equality were false when they were written. For generations, black Americans have fought to make them true.

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W What the Reactionary Politics of 2019 Owe to the Politics of Slavery - The New York Times

Whether they know it or not, today’s obstructionists are using a playbook developed long ago by the plantation elite.

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H How Segregation Caused Your Traffic Jam - The New York Times

In some of America’s most congested cities, roadways were designed to keep people “in their place.”

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A American Capitalism Is Brutal. You Can Trace That to the Plantation. - The New York Times

Slavery helped turn America into a financial colossus. And our economy is still shaped by management practices invented by enslavers and overseers.

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W Why Is Everyone Always Stealing Black Music? - The New York Times

Because it’s the sound of complete artistic freedom.

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W Why Doesn’t America Have Universal Health Care? One Word: Race - The New York Times

The nation’s first federal health care program served freedmen after the Civil War. From the beginning, white legislators argued it would breed dependence.

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W Why American Prisons Owe Their Cruelty to Slavery - The New York Times

Our criminal justice system is still shaped by a fear of black people and a taste for violent punishment born on the plantation.

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T The Barbaric History of Sugar in America - The New York Times

How sugar became the “white gold” that fueled slavery — and an industry that continues to exploit black lives to this day.

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H How America’s Vast Racial Wealth Gap Grew: By Plunder - The New York Times

It wasn’t just slavery but segregation, redlining, evictions, exclusion — and outright theft.

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T Their Ancestors Were Enslaved by Law. Now They’re Lawyers. - The New York Times

These Howard Law School graduates represent nothing less than their forebears’ wildest dreams.

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I Is Slavery’s Legacy in the Power Dynamics of Sports? - The New York Times

In the N.B.A., the very term “owner” has come under fire, as players, most of whom are black, assert self-determination.

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