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1619 Project - the Essays
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America Wasn’t a Democracy, Until Black Americans Made It One - The New York Times

Our founding ideals of liberty and equality were false when they were written. For generations, black Americans have fought to make them true.

What the Reactionary Politics of 2019 Owe to the Politics of Slavery - The New York Times

Whether they know it or not, today’s obstructionists are using a playbook developed long ago by the plantation elite.

How Segregation Caused Your Traffic Jam - The New York Times

In some of America’s most congested cities, roadways were designed to keep people “in their place.”

American Capitalism Is Brutal. You Can Trace That to the Plantation. - The New York Times

Slavery helped turn America into a financial colossus. And our economy is still shaped by management practices invented by enslavers and overseers.

Why Is Everyone Always Stealing Black Music? - The New York Times

Because it’s the sound of complete artistic freedom.

Why Doesn’t America Have Universal Health Care? One Word: Race - The New York Times

The nation’s first federal health care program served freedmen after the Civil War. From the beginning, white legislators argued it would breed dependence.

Why American Prisons Owe Their Cruelty to Slavery - The New York Times

Our criminal justice system is still shaped by a fear of black people and a taste for violent punishment born on the plantation.

The Barbaric History of Sugar in America - The New York Times

How sugar became the “white gold” that fueled slavery — and an industry that continues to exploit black lives to this day.

How America’s Vast Racial Wealth Gap Grew: By Plunder - The New York Times

It wasn’t just slavery but segregation, redlining, evictions, exclusion — and outright theft.

Their Ancestors Were Enslaved by Law. Now They’re Lawyers. - The New York Times

These Howard Law School graduates represent nothing less than their forebears’ wildest dreams.

Is Slavery’s Legacy in the Power Dynamics of Sports? - The New York Times

In the N.B.A., the very term “owner” has come under fire, as players, most of whom are black, assert self-determination.

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